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suffix
1Forming the plural of nouns adopted from Latin ending in -us.
‘foci’- ‘timpani’
2Forming the plural of nouns adopted from Italian ending in -e or -o.
- ‘dilettanti’
Usage
Many nouns derived from a foreign language retain their foreign plural, at least when they first enter English and particularly if they belong to a specialist field. Over time, though, it is quite normal for a word in general use to acquire a regular English plural. This may coexist with the foreign plural (e.g. cactus, plural cacti or cactuses) or it may actually oust a foreign plural. Note that not all Latin words ending in -us have a plural that ends in -i: for example, the Latin word apparatus is unchanged in the plural
suffix
Forming adjectives from names of countries or regions in the Near or Middle East.
‘Azerbaijani’- ‘Pakistani’
Origin
From Semitic and Indo-Iranian adjectival endings.